Plant sterols and plant stanols in the management of dyslipidaemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Objective. This EAS Consensus Panel critically appraised evidence relevant to the benefit to risk relationship of functional foods with added plant sterols and/or plant stanols, as components of a healthy lifestyle, to reduce plasma low- density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL- C) levels, and thereby lower cardiovascular risk. Methods and results. High cholesterol and lipid levels can significantly increase a person's risk of developing chest pain, heart attack, and stroke. Fortunately, a number of effective. Plant sterols/stanols (when taken at 2 g/day) cause significant inhibition of cholesterol absorption and lower LDL- C levels by between 8 and 1. The relative proportions of cholesterol versus sterol/stanol levels are similar in both plasma and tissue, with levels of sterols/stanols being 5. Despite possible atherogenicity of marked elevations in circulating levels of plant sterols/stanols, protective effects have been observed in some animal models of atherosclerosis. Higher plasma levels of plant sterols/stanols associated with intakes of 2 g/day in man have not been linked to adverse effects on health in long- term human studies. Importantly, at this dose, plant sterol/stanol- mediated LDL- C lowering is additive to that of statins in dyslipidaemic subjects, equivalent to doubling the dose of statin. The reported 6–9% lowering of plasma triglyceride by 2 g/day in hypertriglyceridaemic patients warrants further evaluation. Conclusion. Based on LDL- C lowering and the absence of adverse signals, this EAS Consensus Panel concludes that functional foods with plant sterols/stanols may be considered 1) in individuals with high cholesterol levels at intermediate or low global cardiovascular risk who do not qualify for pharmacotherapy, 2) as an adjunct to pharmacologic therapy in high and very high risk patients who fail to achieve LDL- C targets on statins or are statin- intolerant, 3) and in adults and children (> 6 years) with familial hypercholesterolaemia, in line with current guidance. The pharmacologic agents discussed are approved for use in the United States by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) unless otherwise noted. Do you know your cholesterol numbers? They are too high for more than half of all American adults. The culprit is LDL cholesterol—low-density lipoproteins, the bad. Drug details for Bile acid sequestrants for high cholesterol. 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults. However, it must be acknowledged that there are no randomised, controlled clinical trial data with hard end- points to establish clinical benefit from the use of plant sterols or plant stanols. The NCEP guidelines, however, are based on clinical cut points that indicate relative risk for coronary heart disease. Included in the guidelines is the general. CIGARETTE SMOKING. Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of death and disease in Americans.6 Every day more than 3,000 adolescents in the United States use. Upon completion of this course, you should be able to: Describe the incidence and prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Identify conditions that are commonly. ![]() ![]()
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